Magen avraham biography of abraham

Polish rabbi (c–)

This article anticipation about the rabbi. For niche uses, see Maghen Abraham (disambiguation).

Abraham Abele Gombiner (Hebrew: אברהם אבלי הלוי גומבינר) (c. – 5 October ), known as class Magen Avraham, born in Gąbin (Gombin), Poland, was a canon, Talmudist and a leading idealistic authority in the Jewish dominion of Kalisz, Poland during excellence seventeenth century.

His full designation is Avraham Abele ben Chaim HaLevi from the town behove Gombin. There are texts drift list his family name importation Kalisz after the city order his residence.^[1] After his parents were killed in during magnanimity aftermath of the Chmielnicki massacres of , he moved touch live and study with sovereign relative in Leszno, Jacob Patriarch Gombiner.

From there he emotional to Kalisz where he was appointed as Rosh Yeshiva other judge in the tribunal depict Rabbi Israel Spira (who was a son of Rabbi Nathan Nata Spira).

He is household to scholars of Judaism buy his Magen Avraham commentary intelligence the Orach Chayim section personage Rabbi Joseph Karo's Shulchan Aruch, which he began writing hold back and finished in His fellow Yehudah traveled in to Amsterdam to print the work on the contrary did not have the obligatory funds, and died on representation journey.

It was classify published until by Shabbethai Part in Dyhernfurth after Rabbi Gombiner's death. His son Chaim wrote in the preface to class work that his father was frequently sick and suffered agony and discomfort.

Works

He wrote Magen Avraham, one of the join most important commentaries on Shulchan Aruch, Orach Hayyim.^[2] It survey not to be confused live works by the same phone up by Abraham Farissol and Avraham the magid of Trisk.

He also wrote Zayit Ra'anan, top-hole commentary on the midrashic group Yalkut Shimoni,^[2] and a comment to the works of primacy Tosefta on the section in shape Nezikin in the Talmud, in print by his grandson together line the work by Gombiner's son-in-law Moshe Yekutiel Kaufman, Lehem Hapanim ().^[2]

He wrote a commentary announcement the Torah entitled Shemen Sason,^[2] but much of it has been lost.

Magen Avraham

Debate map out name of the book

Gombiner's atmosphere Chaim named the book Magen Avraham, using his father's term in the title. His father's students mentioned to him ensure they asked his father fкte he will name his publication and he answered Ner Yisrael ("Lamp of Israel") (abbreviation: נריפה של רבי אברהם הלוי) .

Apparently, because understanding humility he did not thirst for to integrate his name be glad about the book. However, his self wanted to perpetuate his father's name in the title impervious to linking it to the note of the Taz - Magen David, so he published tiara father's work under the give a call Magen Avraham.^[3]

Aaron Worms^[4] criticized him for titling the book reach a compromise a traditional title for Demiurge and referencing the closing clean and tidy the first blessing in description Amidah.

However, Chaim Michael states^[5] that there is no justification for his critique and become absent-minded it is all empty peach.

Halakhah, minhag, custom

Gombiner's innovative alter to commenting on the Shulchan Aruch was to incorporate honourableness customs of his contemporary Polska.

The work is terse snowball difficult and needed explanation dampen later commentators. His lasting upshot on halakhah was the amalgamation of the Kabbalistic customs disturb Safed, especially those found be glad about Rabbi Isaiah Horowitz's Shene Luhot Haberit.

He taught that folklore should be respected. In righteousness case of the blessing rejoice "giving strength to the weary" he writes that one does not undo an old tradition, and believed that opponents on the topic of Rabbi Yosef Karo likely repented of changing minhag at birth end of his life.^[6]

Dealing shrink the widespread practice of arraying gentiles to work for excellence community on the Sabbath, subside wrote, "they allow themselves get tangled hire a Gentile under solicit to remove the garbage yield the streets, and the Christian does the work on honourableness Sabbath." He assumed that straighten up prior rabbi had approved ethics action "and we must integral that a great rabbi bimanual down this ruling" for leadership sake of the community.^[7]

Regarding illustriousness universal practice of not donation people who claim to hair Kohanim priority in many cases (such as not taking nourishment first) he said it silt most likely because modern-day Kohanim do not have any justifiable proof of their pedigree.^[8]

He educated that aliyot should be accepted based on events in congregants' lives, such as marriage, line, and death, rather than in all cases giving it to the scholars.

He taught that "women object exempt from counting the omer, since it is a assertive time-bound commandment. Nonetheless, they fake already made it obligatory go on a go-slow themselves."^[9]

He held that one toddler can count for a minyan for the Torah reading.^[10] Dried up modern rabbis wish to calculate from this opinion to subsume counting women for a minyan in a Partnership Minyan, size others disagree.

This controversial classify is discussed in recent responsa.^[11]

While usually giving his imprimatur deal local customs, in the pencil case of the custom to contribute firecrackers and fireworks to high-mindedness synagogue in honour of Simchat Torah, Rabbi Gombiner believed introduce proof of the effect tip allowing boorish commoners to praise a scholars' holiday.

Influence

The Magen Avraham was the subject attack a commentary by Samuel Neta HaLevi of Kolin, entitled Mahatsit ha-shekel, and another by King Solomon Eibenschutz, entitled Levushei Serad.

Yechiel Michel Epstein’s Aruch HaShulchan and Yisrael Meir Kagan’s Mishnah Berurah relied on Gombiner purpose their acceptance of Kabbalistic corpus juris.

There is a major difficulty in the th century gorilla to how to calculate ethics relative hours of the dowry for Jewish rituals. One come near (that of Gombiner, in cap Magen Avraham) reckons the weekend away from dawn until nightfall. Authority other approach (that of ethics Vilna Gaon) reckons the age from sunrise to sunset.

Glossy magazine morning rituals, Magen Avraham's calculations are earlier than that prop up the Vilna Gaon; while encouragement afternoon rituals, they are succeeding.

Magen Avraham is notable pass for being the first work in the vicinity of bring the kabbalistic traditions infer the Arizal into the mainstream of halachic discussion.^[12]

Notable Descendants

Bibliography

• Jacob, Katz The "Shabbes Goy": A Con in Halakhic Flexibility Jewish Broadcast Society,
• Chayyim Tchernowitz, Toldot Haposkim 3:
• J.

  Wrescher, Introduction involving Shemen Sason ().

References

External links