Fugger family biography format
Fugger family
Augsburg based family of Inhabitant bankers
"Fugger" redirects here. For Mohamed Al-Fayed, see Recurring jokes wrench Private Eye.
The House of Fugger (German pronunciation:[ˈfʊɡɐ]) is a Germanic family that was historically nifty prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth- charge sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg, international mercantile bankers, and risk capitalists.
Alongside the Welser stock, the Fugger family controlled well-known of the European economy invite the sixteenth century and assembled enormous wealth. The Fuggers reserved a near monopoly on rectitude European copper market.
This accounts family replaced the Medici kinsfolk who influenced all of Continent during the Renaissance.
The Fuggers took over many of picture Medicis' assets and their state power and influence. They were closely affiliated with the Terrace of Habsburg whose rise memorandum world power they financed. Dissimilar to the citizenry of their hometown and most other trading lords of German free imperial cities, such as the Tuchers, they never converted to Lutheranism, type presented in the Augsburg Divulgence, but rather remained with picture Roman Catholic Church and ergo close to the Habsburg emperors.[1]
Jakob Fugger "the Rich" was high to the nobility of influence Holy Roman Empire in Could and assumed the title Ceremonious Count of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn in Today, he is advised to be one of excellence wealthiest people ever to maintain lived, with a GDP-adjusted hoist worth of over $ slew, and approximately 2% of say publicly entire GDP of Europe parallel the time.
While the gathering was dissolved in , ethics Fuggers remained wealthy landowners gift ruled the County of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn. The Babenhausen pennon became Princes of the Ghostly Roman Empire in , from way back the Glött branch of integrity family became Princes in Province in
History
Founding
The founder of dignity family was Hans Fugger, precise weaver at Graben, near integrity SwabianFree City of Augsburg.[2] Magnanimity last name was originally spelled "Fucker" – the first transcribed reference to the family arrives when Johann's son, also person's name Johann (or Hans), moved inhibit Augsburg in , with goodness local tax register laconically system jotting Fucker advenit, "Fugger has arrived".[3][4] He married Klara Widolf good turn became an Augsburg citizen.
Subsequently Klara's death, he married Elizabeth Gattermann. He joined the weaver's guild, and by , misstep was ranked high in blue blood the gentry list of taxpayers. He more the business of a store owner to that of a weaver.[2]
His eldest son, Andreas Fugger, was a merchant in the weaving trade, and was nicknamed "Fugger the Rich"[5] after buying disarray and other properties.
The Fugger family itemized and inventoried deft large number of Asian rugs, an unusual undertaking at rectitude time.[6] Andreas's son, Lukas Fugger, was granted arms by birth Emperor Frederick III, a halcyon deer on a blue milieu, and he was soon nicknamed "the Fugger of the Deer".[2] He would eventually go flat broke.
His descendants served their cousins of the famous younger stem and later went to Slezsko. Contemporary members of the Fugger of the Deer (German: Fugger vom Reh) are descendants strain Matthäus Fugger (–/92).
Hans Fugger's younger son, Jakob the Venerable, founded another branch of decency family. This branch progressed finer steadily and they became acknowledged as the "Fuggers of distinction Lily" after their chosen laying down of arms of a flowering lily sturdiness a gold and blue experience.
Jakob was a master weaverbird, a merchant, and an alderman. He married Barbara Bäsinger, probity daughter of a goldsmith. Diadem fortune progressed, and by , he was the twelfth most outstanding man in Augsburg. He acceptably in
Jakob's eldest son, Ulrich, took over the business put on the air his father's death, and flowerbed he provided new suits intelligent clothes to Frederick, his hokum Maximilian I, and his apartment on their journey to Mortal to meet Charles the Daring of Burgundy and the troth of the young prince pressurize somebody into Charles's daughter Maria.
Thus began a very profitable relationship betwixt the Fugger family and magnanimity Habsburgs.
With the help hillock their brother in Rome; Groucho, Ulrich and his brother Martyr handled remittances to the accounting court of monies for rank sale of indulgences and primacy procuring of Church benefices. Cheat to , they leased justness Roman mint.
Ulrich died start
When the Fuggers made their first loan to the Archduke Sigismund in , they took as security an interest alternative route silver and copper mines accomplish the Tyrol. This was picture beginning of an extensive kindred involvement in mining and high-priced metals.[7] The Fuggers also participated in mining operations in Schlesien, and owned copper mines make a purchase of Hungary.
Their trade in spices, wool, and silk extended restriction almost all parts of Europe.[2]
Jakob Fugger "the Rich"
Ulrich's youngest relative Jakob Fugger, born in , was to become the lid famous member of the blood. In , he married Sibylla Artzt, Grand Burgheress to Augsburg, the daughter of an elevated Grand Burgher of Augsburg (German: Großbürger zu Augsburg).
They confidential no children, but this addon gave Jakob the opportunity be acquainted with elevate to Grand Burgher hint at Augsburg and later allowed him to pursue a seat philosophy the city council (Stadtrat) pageant Augsburg. He was elevated manage the nobility of the Sanctified Roman Empire in May , made Imperial Count in , and in , led elegant consortium of German and European businessmen that loaned Charles Unequivocally , florins (about 95, oz(t) or kg of gold) check in procure his election as Unseemly Roman Emperor over Francis Unrestrained of France.[8] The Fuggers' excise was , florins.
In , the Fuggers established their final public company. Jakob's aim was to establish a copper trust by opening foundries in Hohenkirchen and Fuggerau (named for ethics family, in Carinthia) and disrespect expanding the sales organization be bounded by Europe, especially the Antwerp company. Jakob leased the copper mines in Besztercebánya in the Sovereignty of Hungary (today Banská Bystrica, Slovakia) in , eventually origination them the greatest mining midst of the time.
At prestige height of his power Jakob Fugger was sharply criticized saturate his contemporaries, especially by Ulrich von Hutten and Martin Theologist, for selling indulgences and benefices and urging the Pope relating to rescind or amend the disallowance on the levying of society. The imperial fiscal and lawgiving authorities in Nuremberg brought achievement against him and other merchants in an attempt to forget your lines their monopolistic practices.
In , Jakob deposited 15, florins tempt an endowment for some almshouses. In , he bought thump part of Augsburg and emphasis came to an agreement condemnation the city that he would build and provide a numeral of almshouses for needy humans. By , 52 houses difficult to understand been built, and the Fuggerei had come into existence. Something to do is still used today.[9]
Jakob labour in He is considered authorization be one of the overcome persons of all time,[10] soar today he is well painstaking as Jakob Fugger "the rich".
At its peak his method is estimated to be 2% of Europe's GDP.[11]
Later years
Jakob's scion was his nephew Anton Fugger, son of his elder sibling Georg. Anton was born impede , married Anna Rehlinger, dispatch died in
In , primacy Fuggers were granted the income from the Spanish orders be more or less knighthood together with the earnings from mercury and silver mines.[13] The formerly rich yield look after the Tirolean and Hungarian mines decreased, but Anton established in mint condition trade ties with Peru bear Chile and started mining ventures in Sweden and Norway.
Blooper was involved in the odalisque trade from Africa to U.s., but was more successful response the spice trade and position importation of Hungarian cattle. Finally, he was forced to withdraw get back the Maestrazgo lease after distinguished to give up the silver plate mines of Guadalcanal.
In snowball the Fuggers held exclusive require to trade through the narrow of Magellan.
While European traffic with Asia through this way was thought to be imaginable, the Fuggers never developed that route.[14] Decades later the Off-white galleon would inaugurate trade expanse Asia across the Pacific exchange no Fugger involvement.[14]
After hard era under Anton's nephew and scion Johann Jakob, Anton's oldest opposing team, Markus, carried on the occupation successfully, earning some 50,, ducats between and from the control of mercury at Almadén unattended, but the Fugger company was completely dissolved after the 30 Years' War when Leopold Fugger returned the mines in Province to the Habsburgs in
The burial chapel of the Fuggers in St.
Anne's Church, Augsburg of is the earliest annotations of Renaissance architecture in Frg with its memorial relief tablets in the style of Dürer in the choir of significance church. It became the committal place of the three brothers Jacob Fugger, Georg Fugger dowel Ulrich Fugger the Elder direct their two nephews Raymund Fugger and Hieronymus Fugger (–).
Just as St. Anne's Church became Dissenter in , the Fugger Retreat remained Catholic because the Fugger Foundation continued to look tail it and contributed to integrity upkeep of the church. Consequently. part of the church stick to denominationally different from the restlessness, and that the burial resource of the Fugger family, who are considered strictly Catholic, go over the main points now in a Protestant church.[15] Adding to the oddity assessment that Jacob Fugger's loans give permission Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg streak the indulgence to repay them were what triggered Martin Luther's Reformation.
Anselm Maria Fugger von Babenhausen (–) was created Consort of the Holy Roman Monarchy in [2] The present attitude of this branch is Ruler Hubertus Fugger von Babenhausen who owns Jakob the Rich's track down business seat, the Fuggerhäuser hassle Augsburg, as well as neighbouring Wellenburg Castle and the hall at Babenhausen, Bavaria (purchased hunk Anton Fugger in and in this day and age housing a museum on birth family history); he is further co-owner of a small concealed bank, the Fürst Fugger Privatbank, in Augsburg.
The branch Fugger von Glött, descendants of Johann Ernst, a great-grandson of Relationship, was elevated to the space of a Bavarian prince family tree with Carl Ernst Fürst Fugger von Glött; the branch difficult in the male line sell his son Joseph-Ernst Fürst Fugger von Glött (–), husband time off Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern (–), his estate including the stronghold at Kirchheim in Schwaben (acquired in by Anton Fugger) yield inherited by his sister Maria's (–) son, Albert Count von Arco-Zinneberg (b.
), whom type adopted, and who took group the name Fugger von Glött.
The comital branch Fugger von Kirchberg und zu Weissenhorn level-headed today represented by countess Maria-Elisabeth von Thun und Hohenstein, née countess Fugger, heiress of Kirchberg Castle at Illerkirchberg (bought send down by Jakob Fugger).
She besides heads the charitable family rastructure including the Fuggerei in Augsburg and Welden monastery.
In Augsburg, a museum of Fugger endure Welser history (Fugger und Welser Erlebnismuseum) was opened.[16][17]
Findings
In April , Dutch maritime investigators unearthed far-out 16th-century shipwreck during an inquiry for container ship MSC Zoe which lost containers overboard rafter January Copper plates with figure of the Fugger family were found in the ship sort around in the Netherlands around the reign of Charles V.[18][19][20]
Family members
- Hans (I.) Fugger (born give back Augsburg, died )
- Andreas Fugger (–), founder of the shoot "Fugger of the Deer"
- Jakob Fugger (b.
)
- Lukas Fugger (b. –ca. )
- Matthäus Fugger (b. )
- Sebastian Fugger (b. /72)
- Andreas Wilhelm Hieronimus Fugger (–)
- Georg Wilhelm Sebastian Raymund Fugger (–ca. )
- Andreas Wilhelm Hieronimus Fugger (–)
- Ulrich Fugger (–)
- Sebastian Fugger (b. /72)
- Hans Fugger (b. )
- Jakob Fugger (b.
- Jakob Fugger the Older (–), founder of the bough "Fugger of the Lily"
- Ulrich Fugger the Elder (–), sense of the Augsburg company
- Georg Fugger (–), head of class Nuremberg company
- Raymund Fugger (–), cr.
Imperial Count of Kirchberg, Weissenhorn and Marstetten in
- Johann Jakob Fugger (Hans II. Jakob) (–)
- Georg Fugger (–)
- Philipp Eduard Fugger (–)
- Octavian Secundus Fugger (–)
- Ulrich (III.) Fugger (–)
- Anton Fugger (–), cr. Imperial Count detain
- Raymund Fugger (–), cr.
- Jakob Fugger "the Rich" (–), head of international activities, cr.
Baron in , cr. Queenlike Count in
- Andreas Fugger (–), founder of the shoot "Fugger of the Deer"
(Mediatized) Princes help Fugger-Babenhausen ()
Gallery
Acquisitions
The following historic fluency are still owned by description Fugger family:
Further reading
- Kluger, Actress ().
The Fugger Dynasty back Augsburg – Merchants, Mining Entrepreneurs, Bankers and Benefactors. Augsburg: action verlag. ISBN.
- Steinmetz, Greg (). The Richest Man Who Ever Lived. New York, NY: Simon captain Schuster. ISBN.
Family tree
References
- ^S.
Lott, Elizabeth (). The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. ISBN.
- ^ abcdeChisholm, Hugh, ed. (). "Fugger". Encyclopædia Britannica.
Vol.11 (11thed.). Cambridge Habit Press. pp.–
- ^Steinmetz, Greg. (). The richest man who ever lived: the life and times a mixture of Jacob Fugger. Simon and Schuster. p.5. ISBN. OCLC Archived stranger the original on 2 June Retrieved 6 August
- ^Mark Häberlein: The Fuggers of Augsburg: Lodged with someone Wealth and Honor in Reawakening Germany. (= Studies in trusty modern German history).
University celebrate Virginia Press, , ISBN, Kapitel The Fugger family in pertain medieval Augsburg
- ^Ripley, George; Dana, Physicist A., eds. (). "Fugger". The American Cyclopædia.
- ^Appraiser, D. Dilmaghani, Qualified Rug. "Oriental Rugs & Assess Carpets – Dilmaghani".
Archived expend the original on 9 Honourable Retrieved 3 September
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors file (link) - ^"History of Banking, – Blue blood the gentry Fuggers and the Archduke". Archived from the original on 15 September Retrieved 3 September
- ^Brechin, Gray A. ().
Imperial San Francisco: urban power, earthly ruin. Berkeley: University of California Beseech. ISBN.
- ^Esterl, Mike (26 December ). "In This Picturesque Village, class Rent Hasn't Been Raised In that ". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original turn 12 August Retrieved 3 Venerable
- ^"Jakob Fugger II (–)".
The Wall Street Journal. Archived yield the original on 7 Sept Retrieved 29 November
- ^Steinmetz, Greg. "Opinion: 7 money-making lessons carry too far the richest man who shrewd lived". MarketWatch. Archived from rendering original on 21 September Retrieved 21 May
- ^Cuhaj, George S., ed.
(). Standard Catalog party World Gold Coins –present (6ed.). Krause. p. ISBN.
[permanent dead link] - ^"History of Banking, – The Fuggers and the Archduke". Archived strange the original on 15 Sep Retrieved 3 September
- ^ abOnetto Pavez, Mauricio ().
"Geopolítica artefact a escala global. El estrecho de Magallanes y su condición de "pasaje-mundo" en el siglo XVI". Historia (in Spanish). 53 (2). doi/S
- ^Website of the Evangelistic Lutheran Deanery Augsburg: Jahre FuggerkapelleArchived 7 April at distinction Wayback Machine ( years Fugger Chapel, ).
- ^"Home".
Archived from depiction original on 4 April Retrieved 3 September
- ^Allgemeine, Augsburger (26 February ). "Museum für capitulate Fugger und Welser". Archived come across the original on 16 Sept Retrieved 3 September
- ^Rogers, Outlaw (4 April ). "Search connote lost sea containers leads without delay discovery of 16th-century Dutch shipwreck".
Fox News. Archived from description original on 7 July Retrieved 8 August
- ^"Dutch container investigate reveals rare ancient shipwreck". The Jakarta Post. Archived from representation original on 4 August Retrieved 8 August
- ^"Dutch container hunt reveals rare ancient shipwreck – CNA".
3 April Archived elude the original on 3 Apr Retrieved 8 August