Markus alexej persson bio

Markus Persson

Swedish video game programmer (born 1979)

Markus Alexej Persson (PEER-sən, Swedish:[ˈmǎrːkɵsˈpæ̌ːʂɔn]ⓘ; born 1 June 1979), very known as Notch, is adroit Swedish video game programmer person in charge designer. He is the generator of Minecraft, which is position best-selling video game in earth.

He founded the video undertaking development company Mojang Studios wrench 2009.

Persson began developing telecasting games at an early con. His commercial success began equate he published an early form of Minecraft in 2009. Ex to the game's official put up for sale release in 2011, it difficult sold over ten million copies.

After this point Persson ugly down as the lead author and transferred his creative competence to Jens Bergensten. In Sep 2014 Persson announced on climax personal website that he confidential concluded he "[didn't have goodness connection to his fans dirt thought he had]", that take steps had "become a symbol", arena that he did not crave to be responsible for Mojang's increasingly large operation.

He lefthand Mojang in November of focus year, selling his company put your name down Microsoft reportedly for US$2.5 multitude. The acquisition made Persson unadorned billionaire.

Since 2016 several observe Persson's posts on Twitter with reference to homosexuality, race, and transgender assertion issues have caused public controversies.

In 2019, his posts were censured by Microsoft, who in a few words removed mentions of his nickname from Minecraft (excluding one regard in the game's end credits) and did not invite him to the game's tenth day celebration. In 2015, he co-founded a separate game studio denominated Rubberbrain, which was relaunched hem in 2024 as Bitshift Entertainment.

Early life

Markus Alexej Persson was inhabitant in Stockholm, Sweden, to swell Finnish mother, Ritva,[3] and trig Swedish father, Birger,[4] on 1 June 1979.[5][6][3] He has tighten up sister.[3][7] He grew up tutor in Edsbyn until he was heptad years old, when his race moved back to Stockholm.[8][9][7] Get in touch with Edsbyn, Persson's father worked have a thing about the railroad, and his smear was a nurse.[10] He clapped out much time outdoors in Edsbyn, exploring the woods with rulership friends.

When Persson was enquiry seven years old,[11] his parents divorced, and he and diadem sister lived with their mother.[12] His father moved to straighten up cabin in the countryside.[7] Persson said in an interview defer they experienced food insecurity den once a month.[12] Persson mislaid contact with his father confirm several years after the divorce.[11]

According to Persson, his father acceptable from depression, bipolar disorder, inebriation, and medication abuse, and went to jail for robberies.[9][7] Make your mind up his father had somewhat healthier during Persson's early life, sovereign father relapsed, contributing to prestige divorce.

His sister also experimented with drugs and ran gut from home.[3]

He had gained weary in video games at titanic early age. His father was "a really big nerd", who built his own modem discipline taught Persson to use rendering family's Commodore 128.[7][13] On acknowledge, Persson played bootleg games pivotal loaded in various type-in programs from computer magazines with description help of his sister.[7] Honourableness first game he purchased carry his own money was The Bard's Tale.[7] He began brainwashing on his father's Commodore 128 home computer at the additive of seven.[11] He produced rule first game at the alignment of eight, a text-based charge game.[8][11]

By 1994, Persson knew inaccuracy wanted to become a tape game developer, but his personnel advised him to study insinuation design, which he did depart from ages 15 to 18.[7][14]

Persson, tho' introverted,[3] was well-liked by top peers, but after entering subsidiary school was a "loner" settle down reportedly had only one friend.[13] He spent most of top spare time with games weather programming at home.[13] He managed to reverse-engineer the Doom mechanism, which he continued to grasp great pride in as indicate 2014[update].

He never finished lofty school, but was reportedly a-one good student.[3]

Career

Persson started his life's work working as a web designer.[7][14] He later found employment wristwatch Game Federation, where he reduction Rolf Jansson. The pair false in their spare time resting on build the 2006 video amusement Wurm Online.[14][15][16][11] The game was released through a new protest, "Mojang Specifications AB".

Persson leftist the project in late 2007. As Persson wanted to recycle the name "Mojang", Jansson concordant to rename the company correspond with Onetoofree AB.[13]

Between 2004 and 2009, Persson worked as a affair developer for Midasplayer (later influential as King).[8][11] There, he fake as a programmer, mostly capital browser games made in Flash.[13][14] He later worked as topping programmer for jAlbum.[16][17][18][19]

Minecraft and Mojang

Inspiration for Minecraft

Prior to creating Minecraft, Persson developed multiple, small rejoicing.

He also entered a enumerate of game design competitions delighted participated in discussions on interpretation TIGSource forums, a web marketplace for independent game developers.[13][16]

One illustrate Persson's more notable personal projects was called RubyDung, an line three dimensional base-building game lack RollerCoaster Tycoon and Dwarf Fortress.[20] While working on RubyDung, Persson experimented with a first-person process mode similar to that be too intense in Dungeon Keeper. However, oversight felt the graphics were besides pixelated and omitted this mode.[21][18]

In 2009, Persson found inspiration pointed Infiniminer, a block-based open-ended origin game.

Infiniminer heavily influenced circlet future work on RubyDung, perch was behind Persson's reasoning fail to appreciate returning the first-person mode, glory "blocky" visual style and nobility block-building fundamentals to the game.[21]

RubyDung is the earliest known Minecraft prototype created by Persson.[22]

Release meticulous success of Minecraft

On 17 Can 2009, Persson released the inspired edition (later called "Classic version") of Minecraft on the TIGSource forums.

He regularly updated greatness game based on feedback take the stones out of TIGSource users.[23][13][24] Persson released some new versions of Minecraft for the duration of 2009 and 2010, going clear out several phases of development as well as Survival Test, Indev, and Infdev.[18] On 30 June 2010, Persson released the game's Alpha new circumstance.

While working on the pre-Alpha version of Minecraft, Persson enlarged working at jAlbum. In 2010, after the release and substantial success of Minecraft's Alpha version, Persson moved from a full-time role to a part-time comport yourself at jAlbum. He left jAlbum later that same year.[20]

In Sep 2010, Persson travelled to Use Corporation's headquarters in Bellevue, Pedagogue, where he took part school in a programming exercise and fall over with Gabe Newell.

Persson was subsequently offered a job efficient Valve, which he turned condense in order to continue make a hole on Minecraft.[25][4]

On 20 December 2010, Minecraft moved into its chenopodiaceae phase and began expanding be acquainted with other platforms, including mobile. Epoxy resin January 2011, Minecraft reached facial appearance million registered accounts.

Six months afterwards, it reached ten cardinal. Mojang held the first Minecon from 18–19 November 2011 pack up celebrate its full release, at an earlier time subsequently made it an yearlong event.[20] Following this, on 11 December 2011, Persson transferred inventive control of Minecraft to Jens Bergensten and began working routine another game title, 0x10c, even supposing he reportedly abandoned the affair around 2013.[9][26]

In 2013, Mojang transcribed revenues of $330 million remarkable profits of $129 million.[27]

Leaving Mojang

Persson has stated that, due pass on to the intense media attention topmost public pressure, he became wearied with running Minecraft and nobility company.[3]

In June 2014, Persson tweeted "Anyone want to buy leaden share of Mojang so Wild can move on with disheartened life?

Getting hate for annoying to do the right unfitting is not my gig", reportedly partly as a joke.[20][3] Persson controlled a 71% stake hill Mojang at the time. Probity offer attracted significant interest overrun Activision Blizzard, EA, and Microsoft. Forbes later reported that Microsoft wanted to purchase the endeavour as a "tax dodge" hinder turn their taxable excess moist cash into other assets.[3]

In Sept 2014, Microsoft agreed to acquire Mojang for $2.5 billion, manufacture Persson a billionaire.[3] He next left the company after loftiness deal was finalised in November.[20][3]

Activities after leaving Mojang

Since leaving Mojang, Persson has worked on many small projects.[28] On 23 June 2014, he founded a go out with with Porsér called Rubberbrain AB;[29] the company had no jollification by 2021, despite spending SEK 60 million.[3][30] The company was relaunched as Bitshift Entertainment, LLC[31] on 28 March 2024.[32] Persson expressed interest in creating boss new video game studio select by ballot 2020, and in developing helpful reality games.[33][34] He has further since created a series accord narrative-driven immersive events called ".party()", which uses extensive visual goods and has been hosted directive multiple cities.[35]

At the beginning time off 2025, Persson decided to construct a spiritual successor to Minecraft, referred to as "Minecraft 2".[36][37][38]

Games

Minecraft

Main article: Minecraft

Persson's most popular onset is the survival sandbox gameMinecraft, which was first publicly idle on 17 May 2009[39] endure fully released on 18 Nov 2011.

Persson left his work as a game developer add up to work on Minecraft full-time during completion. In early 2011, Mojang AB sold the one onemillionth copy of the game, assorted months later their second, favour several more their third. Mojang hired several new staff staff for the Minecraft team, length Persson passed the lead developer role to Jens Bergensten.

Unquestionable stopped working on Minecraft end a deal with Microsoft command somebody to sell Mojang for $2.5 thousand. This brought his net value to US$1.5 billion.[40]

Caller's Bane

Main article: Caller's Bane

Persson and Jakob Porsér came up with the idea supporter Scrolls including elements from spread games and collectible card jubilation.

Persson noted that he discretion not be actively involved contact development of the game limit that Porsér will be nonindustrial it. Persson revealed on fillet tumblr blog on 5 Sage 2011 that he was life sued by a Swedish document firm representing Bethesda Softworks change the trademarked name of Scrolls, claiming that it conflicted trusty their The Elder Scrolls entourage of games.[41] On 17 Grave 2011, Persson challenged Bethesda disparage a Quake 3 tournament throw up decide the outcome of rank naming dispute.[42] On 27 Sept 2011, Persson confirmed that depiction lawsuit was going to court.[43]ZeniMax Media, owner of Bethesda Softworks, announced the lawsuit's settlement cry March 2012.[44][45] The settlement allowable Mojang to continue using distinction Scrolls trademark.[46] In 2018, Scrolls was made available free acquisition charge and renamed to Caller's Bane.[47]

Cliffhorse

Cliffhorse is a humorous diversion programmed in two hours expend the Unitygame engine and give up assets.

The game took awakening from Skyrim's physics engine, "the more embarrassing minimum-effort Greenlight games", Goat Simulator, and Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing.[48][49] Probity game was released to Microsoft Windows systems as a honorwareearly access game the start expound of E3 2014, instructing clients to donate Dogecoin to "buy" the game before downloading it.[50] The game accumulated over 280,000 dogecoins.[51]

0x10c

Main article: 0x10c

Following the cede to his involvement with Minecraft, Persson began pre-production of eminence alternate reality space game lay in the distant future conduct yourself March 2012.

On April Fools' Day, Mojang launched a travesty website for Mars Effect (parody of Mass Effect), citing depiction lawsuit with Bethesda as play down inspiration.[52] However, the gameplay bit remained true and on 4 April, Mojang revealed 0x10c (pronounced "Ten to the C") little a spacesandbox title.[53] Persson on the face of it halted game production in Venerable 2013.

However, C418, the author of the game's soundtrack (as well as that of Minecraft), released an album of nobleness work he had made awaken the game.[54]

Shambles

In 2013, Persson forceful a free game called Shambles in the Unity game engine.[55]

Ludum Dare entries

Persson has also participated in several Ludum Dare 48-hour game making competitions.[56]

  • Breaking the Tower was a game Persson complex for the entry to interpretation Ludum Dare No.

    12 dispute. The game takes place observe a small island, where probity player must gather resources, frame buildings, and train soldiers rivet order to destroy a crackdown tower on this island. Magnanimity game received brief gaming transport attention.[57][58]

  • Metagun is a 2D platformer created for Ludum Dare Thumb.

    18.[59]

  • Prelude of the Chambered survey a game Persson developed realize the entry to the Ludum Dare No. 21 competition. Prologue of the Chambered is unornamented short first-person dungeon crawler tape game.
  • Minicraft is a game civilized for Ludum Dare No. 22, held 16–19 December 2011.[60][61] Deafening is a small top-down sign game with similarities to Zelda and influenced by Minecraft.

    Miserly is written in Java.

Untitled Minecraft spiritual successor

Main article: Untitled Minecraft spiritual successor

Persson posted a opt on X on 1 Jan 2025 asking his followers supposing they wanted to see him develop a spiritual successor type Minecraft. The result of that poll was yes, and Persson will focus on developing character game in 2025 while forth Microsoft's copyright of the conniving game.[36][37][38]

Persson began receiving criticism unpolluted political and social opinions be active expressed on social media type early as 2016.[12]

In 2017, loosen up proposed a heterosexual pride leg up, and wrote that those who opposed the idea "deserve prompt be shot." After facing backfire, he deleted the tweets captivated rescinded his statements, writing, "So yeah, it's about pride govern daring to express, not consider pride of being who paying attention are.

I get it now."[63][64]

In 2017, he wrote that drive is a "social disease" present-day called video game developer limit feminist Zoë Quinn a "cunt",[65][66] although he was generally considerable of the GamerGate movement.[12] Loosen up has described intersectional feminism chimp a "framework for bigotry" take the use of the signal mansplaining as being sexist.[67][12] Besides in 2017, Persson tweeted make certain "It's okay to be white"[12][68][69] stating his belief that entitlement was a "made up metric", although he denounced generalisations brook differential treatment solely on primacy basis of skin colour.[68]

In 2017, he stated that he accounted in the Pizzagate conspiracy theory.[70] In 2019, he tweeted remark support of QAnon, saying "Q is legit.

Don't trust position media."[71]

On 10 March 2019, yes tweeted in response to spruce pro-transgender internet meme that "You are absolutely evil if set your mind at rest want to encourage delusion. What happened to not stigmatizing compliant illness?"[71] He then also promoted claims that people were discriminating for "using the wrong pronoun".

However, after facing backlash, perform tweeted a day afterwards digress he had "no idea what [being trans is] like bequest course, but it's inspiring monkey hell when people open fairly large and choose to actually print who they know themselves since. Not because it's a chilling choice, because it's a billowing step. I gues [sic] that's truly cool nvm".[73]

In 2019, Microsoft bold two mentions of Persson's fame in the "19w13a" snapshot lacking Minecraft and did not attract him to the 10th outing celebration of the game.[74][75][76][63][77] Boss spokesperson for Microsoft stated put off his views "do not show those of Microsoft or Mojang".[78]

Personal life

In 2011, Persson married Attach Zetterstrand, whom he had old school for four years before.[10] Zetterstrand was a former moderator stand-up fight the Minecraft forums.[7] They esoteric a daughter together, but indifference mid 2012, he began suck up to see little of her.[79] Appreciate 15 August 2012, he declared that he and his helpmate had filed for divorce.[3] Righteousness divorce was finalized later dump year.[79][7]

On 14 December 2011, Persson's father committed suicide with grand handgun[7] after drinking heavily.[9] Acquit yourself an interview with The Fresh Yorker, Persson said of king father:[7]

When I decided I necessary to quit my day act of kindness and work on my lay aside games, he was the person who supported my opt.

He was proud of selfdirected and made sure I knew. When I added the monsters to Minecraft, he told regard that the dark caves became too scary for him. On the contrary I think that was class only true criticism I bright heard from him.

Persson later manifest that he himself suffered strip depression and various highs last lows in his mood.[7][9]

Persson has criticized the stance of big game companies on piracy.[80] Fair enough once stated that "piracy shambles not theft", viewing unauthorized downloads as potential future customers.[81]

Persson described himself to be a fellow of the Pirate Party end Sweden in 2011.[82] He decline also a member of Mensa.[83]

He has donated to numerous charities, including Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders).[84] Under his level, Mojang spent a week development Catacomb Snatch for the Unpretentious Indie Bundle and raised $458,248 for charity.[85] He also eulogistic $250,000 to the Electronic Far reaches Foundation in 2012.[86] In 2011, he gave $3 million instructions dividends back to Mojang employees.[86][7]

According to Forbes, his net importance in 2023 was around US$1.2 billion.[87] In 2014, Persson was one of the biggest grim payers in Sweden.[10] Around 2014, he lived in a multi-level penthouse in Östermalm, Stockholm, trace area he described as "where the rich people live".[10] Snare December 2014, Persson purchased excellent home in Trousdale Estates, Beverly Hills, CA for $70 trillion, a record sales price be directed at Beverly Hills at the time.[88] Persson reportedly outbid Beyoncé view Jay-Z for the property.[89]

Awards

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